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Something beautiful may be a work of art, such as a painting, symphony, or poem, or it may be a sunset or other natural phenomenon. He wrote on such topics as physics, astronomy, psychology, biology, physiology, and anatomy.

Most people acquire their religion from their society as they acquire their language. Locke sought to determine the limits of human understanding and to discover what can be known within those limits that will serve as a guide to life and conduct. The conclusion could be false, even though the premise is true. Ethics asks such questions as “What makes right actions right and wrong actions wrong?” “What is good and what is bad?” and “What are the proper values of life?” Problems arise in ethics because we often have difficulty knowing exactly what is the right thing to do. Aristotle, Plato’s greatest pupil, wrote about almost every known subject of his day. A deductive argument whose conclusion does not follow necessarily from the premises is said to be invalid. Democratic societies stress that people learn to think and make choices for themselves. Existentialism insists that choices have to be made arbitrarily by individuals, who thus create themselves, because there are no objective standards to determine choice. For example, the classifications of noun and verb involve the philosophic idea that there is a difference between things and actions. 1. These works presented medieval thinkers with the problem of reconciling Aristotle’s great body of philosophic thought with the Bible and Christian doctrine. Philosophy in the 1800’s. Philosophy has not. A person can study philosophers of the past to discover why they thought as they did and what value their thoughts may have in one's own life. …. But they disagree about what truth means and how to arrive at true ideas. Kant’s philosophy stimulated various systems of thought in the 1800’s, such as those of G. W. F. Hegel and Karl Marx of Germany. “Ang mundo ay isang Through such categories and the operations of the mind, working on sense experience, we can have knowledge, but only of things that can be experienced. The teachers were called scholastics. Philosophic differences have led to the overthrow of governments, drastic changes in laws, and the transformation of entire economic systems. try and record your i dea. It tries to discover the nature of truth and knowledge and to find what is of basic value and importance in life. For example, we know from observation how many keys are on a typewriter and from experience which key will print what letter. TV stations that use microwaves have lower frequencies compared to TV stations that use radio waves. According to Plato, the most important idea is the idea of good. Material objects are ideas in the mind and have no independent existence. Confucianism aimed to help people live better and more rewarding lives by discipline and by instruction in the proper goals of life. Plato taught that only ideas are real and that all other things only reflect ideas. Knowledge of good is the object of all inquiry, a goal to which all other things are subordinate. Metaphysics is the study of the fundamental nature of reality and existence and of the essences of things. Unlike most other people of their time, the pre-Socratic philosophers did not believe that gods or supernatural forces caused natural events. He attempted to derive philosophic conclusions from a few central axioms (supposedly self-evident truths) and definitions. Thus, he attempted to solve the problem of how a perfect and all-powerful God could have created a world filled with so much suffering and evil. Socrates wanted to replace vague opinions with clear ideas. Spinoza was also a mechanist, regarding everything in the universe as determined. Questions: It explores how we distinguish between good (or sound) reasoning and bad (or unsound) reasoning. The most influential philosophers practicing philosophic analysis have been Bertrand Russell of England and Ludwig Wittgenstein, who was born in Austria but studied and taught in England. Skepticism was a school of philosophy founded by Pyrrho of Elis about the same time that Stoic philosophy and Epicureanism flourished.

It inspired the idea that important truths can be learned only through faith and God’s influence, not by reason. X over x-5 y +3 over x​... 3. Philosophers of the Age of Reason stressed the use of reason, as opposed to the reliance on authority and scriptural revelation. Philosophy and Science. Bacon imagined a new world of culture and leisure that could be gained by inquiry into the laws and processes of nature. Instead, they sought answers by thinking and by studying nature. Philosophic commentaries on sacred texts emerge during the 500’s B.C. Such questions are basic to the philosophy of education, the philosophy of history, the philosophy of law, and other “philosophy of” fields. Almost everyone has been puzzled from time to time by such essentially philosophic questions as “What does life mean?” “Did I have any existence before I was born?” and “Is there life after death?” Most people also have some kind of philosophy in the sense of a personal outlook on life. Husserl conceived the task of phenomenology, hence the task of philosophy, as describing phenomena–the objects of experience–accurately and independently of all assumptions derived from science. Philosophers have developed a number of theories in metaphysics. There, the chief Stoics included the statesman Marcus Tullius Cicero, the emperor Marcus Aurelius, and the teacher Epictetus. The term scholasticism refers to the method of philosophic investigation used by teachers of philosophy and theology in the newly developing universities of western Europe. Epistemology asks such questions as “What are the features of genuine knowledge as distinct from what appears to be knowledge?” “What is truth, and how can we know what is true and what is false?” and “Are there different kinds of knowledge, with different grounds and characteristics?”. But the Greek philosophers considered those sources of knowledge unreliable. He identified God with the universe. Realize the value of Doing philosophy in obtaining a broad perspective in life 4. The scholastic method consisted in precise analysis of concepts with subtle distinctions between different senses of these concepts. The speculations often centered on the idea of a supernatural or superpowerful being who created the universe and who governs it according to unchangeable laws and gives it purpose. Determine the distance traveled before takeof Philosophy arises out of wonder, curiosity, and the desire to know and understand. Idealism states that every material thing is an idea or a form of an idea. Philosophy can be termed as an inquiry which seeks to encompass the whole of reality by understanding its most basic causes and principle in … The values and skills taught by the educational system of a society thus reflect the society’s philosophic ideas of what is important. Traditionally, Chinese philosophy has been largely practical, humanistic, and social in its aims. Kant believed that the mind plays an active role in knowing and is not a mere recorder of facts presented by the senses. He was thus much concerned with the foundations of knowledge, and he started philosophy on its persistent consideration of epistemological problems. As a result, Western philosophy generally developed independently of Eastern philosophy. Western philosophic tradition has paid much attention to the possibility of demonstrating the existence of God. His philosophy, called Confucianism, was the official philosophy of China for centuries, though it was reinterpreted by different generations.