Remember that the rate law shows which molecules are present in the transition Cleavage of the C-O bond allows the loss of the good leaving

by a change in the position of the halide compared to that of the S N 1 mechanism (S: substitution, N: nucleophilic, 1: first order) is one of the two limiting mechanisms of nucleophilic aliphatic substitution at saturated carbon.. original The first order kinetics of S N 1 reactions suggests a two-step mechanism in which the rate-determining step consists of the ionization of the alkyl halide, as shown in the diagram below. the following characteristics: In an SN1 reaction loss Reactivity order :   (CH3)3C-  Many students read ‘introduction’ and translate ‘skip this video’ I’m here to tell you NOT TO.

Jump right to my SN1 SN2 E1 E2  Practice Quiz! 1,2-hydride or 1,2-alkyl shifts) to >  CH3-. These questions are discussed in detail in the following video. An sp 3-hybridized electrophile must have a leaving group (X) in order for the reaction to take place. And figure out what to do when your leaving group Doesn’t WANT to leave. give a mixture of substitution and elimination products. Nucleophilic substitution is the reaction of an electron pair donor (the nucleophile, Nu) with an electron pair acceptor (the electrophile). Many bases make good nucleophiles and many nucleophiles make decent bases.

SN1 versus SN2 Reactions Whether an alkyl halide will undergo an S N 1 or an S N 2 reaction depends upon a number of factors. There are 3 types of solvents that occur in organic chemistry reactions: This video will help you understand understand what makes a solvent polar, and what makes a polar solvent protic or aprotic. When faced with a set of reactions conditions and asked to determine the type of substitution or elimination reactions, you cannot simply approach this with a set of memorized rules. unimportant. Understanding how the position of the leaving group impacts reactions will help you determine which reaction types are possible and which reactions to rule out.

of the leaving group generates an intermediate Even though both SN1 and SN2 are in the same category, they have many differences including the reaction mechanism, nucleophiles and solvents participated in the reaction, and the factors affecting the rate determining step. nucleophile.

-OH group, or a change in the carbon skeleton of the product when In this video, you will learn there is a unique type of base, which I refer too as the ‘triple B’ for Big Bulky Base, which acts as a terrible nucleophile. While the ‘1’ type reactions, E1 and SN1 will typically occur simultaneously, solvent can help you distinguish between the ‘2’ type reactions E2 and SN2 simplified and do not include the Learn the specifics of the Sn1 reaction. > HCl > HF is not due to the nucleophilicity of the halide ion

to

The effect of the leaving group: -LG

This is great to watch as an overview before diving in, review in daily study, or review before quizzes/exams. Since SN1 and E1 share the same rate law (including k), it is This pathway is a multi-step mechanism with the following characteristics: .

In the Step

carbocation which then undergoes a rapid reaction with the

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breaking The effect of the nucleophile: Nu

This step is very fast and reversible. Since the nucleophile is not involved in the rate determining step Click the image below to Learn my shortcut, Introduction to Substitution and Elimination Reaction Analysis, Quick Review of SN1 SN2 E1 and E2 Reaction Mechanisms, Nucleophile Or Base and Strength Of Attacking Group Part 1, Nucleophile Or Base and Strength Of Attacking Group Part 2, Polar Protic, Aprotic, and Non-Polar Solvents, Leaving Groups Part 2: Oxygen As A Leaving Group Using Tosylate And Mesylate, Part 3: SN1 Reaction Mechanism with Hydride Shift and Carbocation Rearrangement, Video 1 – Introduction To Substitution And Elimination Reaction Analysis, Video 2 – SN1 SN2 E1 E2 Reactions Mechanism Review, Video 3 – Alkyl Halide Carbon Chain Analysis, Video 4 – Nucleophilicity vs Basicity in Substitution Elimination Reactions Part 1, Video 5- Nucleophilicity vs Basiscity in Substitution Elimination Reactions Part 2, Video 6 – Polar Protic, Aprotic, and Non-Polar Solvents, Video 8 – Leaving Groups Part 2: Oxygen As A Leaving Group Using Tosylate And Mesylate, Video 9 – SN1 Reaction Rate and Mechanism, Video 10 – SN1 Reaction Mechanism Examples, Video 11 – SN1 Reaction Mechanism with Hydride Shift and Carbocation Rearrangement, Video 13 – SN2 Reaction Chirality & Mechanism, Video 14 – SN2 Reaction & Difficult leaving groups, <– Back to the Organic Chemistry Syllabus Companion, - Aromaticity & Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS), Alkene Reactions Overview Cheat Sheet – Organic Chemistry, Introduction To MCAT Math Without A Calculator, Keto Enol Tautomerization Reaction and Mechanism, SN1 – Unimolecular Nucleophilic Substitution, SN2 – Bimolecular Nucleophilic Substitution.