a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because

Cross-bracing is required on both front and back sides of each scaffold buck or frame. The entire platform is attached to the fork. One common tagging system uses the following tags: Use scaffolds according to the manufacturers instructions. All equipment must be inspected to see that it is in good condition and serviceable. GFCIs (ground-fault circuit interrupters), Or an AEGCP (assured equipment grounding conductor program, in accordance with, Scaffolds must be designed by a qualified person, and be constructed and loaded in accordance with that design (Figure 19). Additional requirements for these scaffolds can be found in their respective modules. length as will automatically square and aline vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, square, and rigid. The base and mud sill must provide a solid surface for the feet to sit upon so that the scaffold doesn't sink, move, settle, or shift. Warped. They are erected in a manner that creates a usable ladder and provides good hand hold and foot space. The two measurements should be equal. Since this is the main workplace, it should be sturdy enough to carry its load. Scaffolding must be erected on stable foundation. He suffered multiple fractures to the head, left and right foot, and left wrist, and torn ligaments in the knees. (True or False) _____ 2. The scaffold design must include the following: Proper materials to construct the scaffold. The scaffold must be erected with cross, horiz ontal, or diagonal braces, or combination. Place the first frame onto the base plates at the high point. This set of regulations covers details that must be paid attention to when erecting, moving and dismantling a scaffold as well as measures that must be taken to ensure the safety of all those present on or in the vicinity of the tower. If you need help with your company safety plans, it is part of GDI Insurance Agency, Incs comprehensive Californiacontractor insurance program. [, Be positioned so that their bottom step is not more than 24 inches above the scaffold supporting level, [, Have rest platforms at maximum vertical intervals of 12 feet, [, Have a minimum step width of 16 inches, except for mobile scaffold stairway-type ladders, which shall have a minimum step width of 11 inches [, Have slip-resistant treads on all steps and landings. Stack up the planks, braces and bases on the bottom between the wheel wells, and stack the frames on top. Avoid propping the scaffolding frames up on the side of the bed. perfectly vertical) and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. This risk can be removed through proper clearance and maintenance. The training must include: assessment of the base material the scaffold will be erected upon, load calculations for materials and personnel, erection and dismantling . For long (running) scaffolds, guys, ties, and braces shall be installed at each end of the scaffold and at horizontal intervals not to exceed 30 feet. by Grant Davis | Construction, Insurance, Safety Tips | 0 comments. Article sourced from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, http://www.OSHA.gov. The correct procedures for dealing with those hazards. Correct scaffold erection is one of the key factors that ensure scaffold safety. Point loading, or concentrating too much of the load in one area. Ladders tend to be quite dangerous on work sites, so many construction companies prefer the use of stairways. Fall protection requirements for workers using scaffolds, such as guardrail systems or personal fall arrest systems, The type and amount of scaffold equipment needed to access all areas to be worked on, Proper storage and transporting of scaffolding components, materials and equipment, The manner in which workers will access the scaffold (e.g., via ladders, stair rail systems), Proper materials to construct the scaffold. Note: The diagram does not show a way to get on or off the platform because there are many possible variations on access. Make sure the scaffold is stable. NOTE: Except where indicated, these requirements also apply to manually propelled, pump jack, ladder jack, tube and coupler, and pole scaffolds as well as the specialty scaffolds described in the Supported Scaffolds module. Because metal frame scaffolds are conductive, power tools, cords, etc., that suffer insulation failure can electrify the entire scaffold. [, A stair rail consisting of a toprail and a midrail on each side of the stairway. Stability and durability are the key components for the scaffold towers to be safe. He fell 16 feet to the ground, sustaining facial fractures and other injuries. (Figure 5) [, Frames and panels must be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means. Too much material being stored on the platform. [, Scaffold platforms and walkways must be at least 18 inches wide, unless they are used in areas that the employer can demonstrate are so narrow that they must be less than 18 inches wide. One concerns the employees on the scaffold itself, and the other concerns employees who may work in or enter the area below the scaffold. Additional protection from falling debris and other small objects must be provided in areas where personnel will be in the vicinity of scaffolds. [, Each toprail or equivalent member of a guardrail system must be able to withstand a force of at least 200 pounds applied in any downward or horizontal direction, at any point along its top edge. Ties, guys, bracing and/or outriggers may be needed to assure a safe, stable scaffold assembly. Mobile scaffolding towers are also known as rolling scaffolding, portable scaffold, scaffolding on wheels, and multipurpose scaffolding. Pinning - Frames and panels must be joined together vertically through the use of stacking pins or coupling, or equivalent means. . Therefore, assessing personnel abilities should be a part of all phases of the scaffolding inspection. [, Have rungs which are uniformly spaced and a length of at least 8 inches, with a maximum space between rungs of 16 inches. When a supported scaffold reaches a height that is more than four times its minimum base dimension (4:1), it must be restrained by guys, ties, or braces to prevent it from tipping. Crawling Board. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(3)]. This training must be provided by a qualified person who understands the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used and who knows the procedures to control or minimize those hazards. from the top of the sill, depending on the slope. In certain industries such as oil refinery, aviation, gas and chemical manufacture it is necessary to use glass fiber structures as these will not spark or corrode in situations where gasoline, solvents, electricity and so forth are present. Medium-duty scaffolds can support 50 pounds per square foot. Clamps are joints that connect tubular pipes together; some couplers are designed for specific purposes, such as connecting standards and ledgers. The other five workers were hospitalized with electrical burns. Scaffolds need to be erected plumb, level, squared and braced to . Critical to scaffolding safety are the use of competent persons for the design, erection/dismantling, and maintenance of scaffolds, and trained workers for their use. Erect plumb, square and rigid with all brace connections securely fastened. In the same vein, a "true" corner would be squared to exactly 90 degrees. and that cross braces are of such length as will automatically keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. At Virginia Tech, a fall protection system (i.e. Where platforms overlap to create a running scaffold, the overlap must occur only over a support and shall not be less than 12 inches unless nailed together. 3. They should be installed along all open sides and at both ends of platforms, except when used as a walkway, the platform is the main working area of the scaffold. Requirements to prevent falls that apply only to these workers are addressed separately below. Installed protective coverings to prevent accidental contact with the lines. [, Be specifically designed and constructed for use as ladder rungs. Next, select the appropriate-sized scaffold for each job. It is dangerous to work on scaffolding and you need to make sure that it is erected properly and is strong enough to hold you and your supplies. 3. Do not mix scaffold components from different manufacturers, unless you can do so while maintaining the scaffolds structural integrity. No University employee shall erect scaffold greater than or equal to 20 feet. Changes at the worksite present a hazard for which an employee has not previously been trained. Where the frame of the scaffold will be used for access, the manufacturer must specify in writing that it was designed for such purposes. decking, planks) must not be painted to hide defects. [, Scaffolds over 125 feet (38.0m) in height above their base plates shall be designed by a registered professional engineer, and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with such design. Connect the first cross- brace to the frame. Greater variations in riser height are allowed for the top and bottom steps of the entire system (not for each flight of stairs). [, A landing platform at least 18 inches wide by 18 inches long at each level. . Uplift is the separation of a frame from the frame below it. Therefore, an inspection of a scaffold platform requires safety checks of both the platform structure and how the platform is used by the workers. Review blueprints, work orders, the project schedule and other written requirements to determine where these scaffolds should be used. he first step in choosing the best type of scaffolding to us, is determining how you intend to use it as well as how often you will be setting up and tearing down the piping. Such retraining is required in at least the following situations [. Crossbracing is required on both front and back sides of each scaffold buck or frame. [, Slip-resistant surfaces on treads and landings. They may be made of solid material or mesh with openings no greater than 1 inch. Personal fall arrest systems used on scaffolds are required when the guardrail system is incomplete or does not provide adequate protection. Others, such as swivel couplers, can be used for a variety of purposes; they can be positioned to allow various angles and crosses among the types of piping. Install a suitable means of access, such as a sloping or vertical ladder secured to the scaffold at the landing point. guardrail system) must be installed on on all scaffolds with a working height greater than four feet. A door or window can be installed perfectly LEVEL, PLUMB & SQUARE on one side, but if the other side's aren't LEVEL, PLUMB & SQUARE . Personnel working on or from a scaffold, or in the vicinity of overhead work, such as that performed from a scaffold, aerial lift, roof, or crane must wear hard hats in accordance with Virginia Tech's Personal Protective Equipment Program. As they were lifting the scaffold, the top section partially separated from the adjoining section, toppled over, and contacted a power line. The momentum of the frame thrust the employee backward off the second level. Tip: A scaffold can be overloaded by removing the braces, which causes the weight on the scaffold to be distributed to fewer structural members. 2. 2011 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University | Website Feedback. A tube and coupler scaffold has a platform(s) supported by tubing, and is erected with coupling devices connecting uprights, braces, bearers and runners. When dismantling the scaffold, check to ensure that the scaffold has not been structurally altered in a way that would make it unsafe. Supported scaffold poles, legs . He fell to the ground, sustaining a fatal blow to his head. A. These scaffolds can be assembled in multiple directions, making them the preferred option for work surfaces with irregular dimensions and/or contours. The objective is to reduce the tripping hazard by having the ends of the top layer of planks form a straight line, rather than a saw-toothed edge, which increases tripping hazards. B. Braces should align the vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, level, and square. These are only a few basic physical structures of scaffold towers. Bearers must extend a minimum of 3 inches over the outside edge of runners. The standard dimensions are 5 foot and 7 foot long. [, Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers must not be intermixed, unless they fit together without being forced and the scaffold's structural integrity is maintained. [, All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging. [, Uniform tread depth, within -inch, for each flight of stairs. Fasten all couplers and/or connections . Is secured to prevent lateral movement. 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